C# code is not directly converted into machine code like traditional compiled languages such as C or C++. Instead, it goes through a multi-step process that involves an intermediary language and Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation. Here's how it works:
C# Source Code: You write your C# code in a text editor or an integrated development environment (IDE) like Visual Studio.
Compilation: When you build your C# project, a C# compiler (like the one included with the .NET SDK) translates your C# source code into an intermediate language called Common Intermediate Language (CIL) or Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL). This intermediate code is stored in an assembly file with a .dll or .exe extension.
Assembly: The assembly contains not only the CIL code but also metadata that describes the types, methods, and dependencies in your code. This assembly is a portable unit that can run on any platform with a compatible Common Language Runtime (CLR).
JIT Compilation: When you run your C# program, the Common Language Runtime (CLR) is responsible for executing it. The CLR includes a Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler. The JIT compiler takes the CIL code from the assembly and compiles it into machine code specific to the computer architecture where the program is running. This compiled machine code is stored in memory and executed.
This JIT compilation has some advantages, such as platform independence (the same CIL code can be compiled differently for different platforms) and performance optimizations specific to the actual hardware it's running on.
So, in summary, C# code is compiled into Common Intermediate Language (CIL), which is a platform-independent intermediate code. Then, the Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler converts CIL code into machine code at runtime, allowing it to run efficiently on the target system.